Here are some basic functionalities:
DApp -> Smart contract -> Blockchain
DApps are set to do a tasks -> this tasks are coded into smart contract -> smart contract executes tasks and information about this operations (transactions) is written into Ethereum blockchain
Ethereum -> ETH
Every operation that occurs on the Ethereum network requires using Ether (ETH) – Ethereum’s native cryptocurrency
Blockchain -> Node -> Client
Informations written on Ethereum blockchain are stored and maintained by many nodes -> each node runs compatible client software
Blockchain -> Mining -> ETH
Nodes (known as a miners) must verify transactions on a blockchain -> they are rewarded with a newly minted ETH
Ethereum Explained – illustrated beginner’s guide
What is Ethereum? – blockchain basics
Blockchain Super FAQ – frequently asked questions about blockchain and Ethereum
How does Ethereum work, anyway? – how it functions at a technical level, without complex math