Here are some basic functionalities:
DApp -> Smart contract -> Blockchain
DApp is set to do a task -> task is coded into smart contract -> smart contract executes a task and information about this transaction is written into Ethereum blockchain
Blockchain -> ETH
Every transaction that occurs on the Ethereum network requires using Ether (ETH) – Ethereum’s native cryptocurrency
ETH -> Wallet
ETH are stored in a wallet
Informations written on Ethereum blockchain are stored and maintained by many nodes -> each node runs compatible client software
Blockchain -> Mining -> ETH
Nodes (known as a miners) must verify transactions on a blockchain -> they are rewarded with a newly minted ETH
Blockchain -> Scaling Solutions
The projects working to build infrastructure and expand the capabilities of Ethereum are commonly referred to as scaling solutions
Blockchain -> Privacy
Privacy solutions provide data security in order of protection the anonymity of cryptocurrency users – all while maintaining the integrity of public ledger
Resources
Ethereum Explained – illustrated beginner’s guide
What is Ethereum? – blockchain basics
Blockchain Super FAQ – frequently asked questions about blockchain and Ethereum
How does Ethereum work, anyway? – how it functions at a technical level, without complex math
Learn about Ethereum – technical and non-technical articles, guides, and resources
You can learn more here